Non-UK students now account for more than 485,000 of the 2.38 million higher education students at UK universities.
Increasing numbers of students are using post-qualification admissions for courses still on offer.
Earlier this year the government again cancelled formal exams in favour of teacher-assessed grades.
Teachers face an “almost impossible task” in fairly awarding A-level and GCSE grades in place of exams during the pandemic.
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